German chancellor’s proposal for strategic axis comes as London and Berlin sign first treaty since second world war

The German chancellor has called for a strategic axis between London, Paris and Berlin to tackle illegal migration and deepen defence cooperation, despite declaring that he “deeply deplores” Brexit.

Friedrich Merz appeared alongside Keir Starmer at a press conference in Stevenage after the signing of the Kensington treaty, the first formal pact between the UK and Germany since the second world war. The agreement, signed at the V&A Museum and followed by a meeting at Downing Street, sets out plans for closer cooperation on migration, defence, trade and education, including a framework for school exchanges.

A mutual assistance clause on national security, including shared recognition that Russia poses “the most significant and direct threat” to both countries.

Joint procurement and development of defence technologies including Typhoon jets, Boxer vehicles and long-range missiles.

A joint rail taskforce to explore infrastructure links, including a future London–Berlin train line.

Commitments to boost school exchange programmes and cultural ties.