Thirteen border guards died in air and sea bombardment on Snake Island in Black Sea after refusing to surrender

• Russia:Ukraine crisis: live news
• Day two: what we know so far

Ukrainian soldiers who died defending an island in the Black Sea from an air and sea bombardment reportedly told an officer on board a Russian navy warship to “go fuck yourself” when asked to surrender.

There were 13 border guards stationed on Snake Island, a roughly 16-hectare (40-acre) rocky island owned by Ukraine that sits about 186 miles (300km) west of Crimea, when Russian troops bombed the island on Thursday.

As the invasion enters its second day, Ukrainians reel from the shock of the attack. The capital Kyiv is braced for the arrival of Russian forces, after Putin unleashed a full-scale ground invasion and air assault that quickly claimed dozens of lives and displaced at least 100,000 people

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Anti-war protesters have demonstrated around the world to condemn Russia’s invasion of Ukraine

• Ukraine invasion: latest updates
• Day two: what we know so far

Ukraine is expecting Putin’s tanks to attack Kyiv and citizens have been urged to resist Russian forces

• Russia-Ukraine crisis: live news

Gunfire has been heard in central Kyiv and there are reports of heavy fighting in the city’s northern suburbs after Ukraine said it expected a Russian armoured attack on the capital and its outskirts on Friday.

Russian forces have taken control of Hostomel airfield near Kyiv, according to reports, and the capital’s mayor has said it has entered a “defensive phase”.

The defence ministry urged citizens to resist when Russian forces entered Kyiv, telling residents to inform authorities of all troop movements, and “make molotov cocktails and neutralise the enemy”.

Explosions rocked Kyiv in the early hours in preparations for the Russian advance, with Ukraine claiming it had shot down a Russian military aircraft over the capital. Officials said a tower block had been set on fire.

Russian forces have taken the city of Sumy in north-eastern Ukraine, according to a resident who said there were Russian military vehicles in the streets.

Russia is ready to send a delegation to the Belarusian capital, Minsk, for talks with Ukraine, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said. Ukraine has said it is willing to discuss declaring itself a neutral county.

Russia’s foreign minister, Sergei Lavrov, insisted “no one is planning to occupy Ukraine”, also saying that Moscow was ready for talks if Ukrainian forces laid down their arms.

Russia banned UK flights from its airspace after the British government said Russia’s national carrier, Aeroflot, would be banned from British airspace as part of the UK’s package of sanctions.

The Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, confirmed reports of Russian missile strikes in a national address early on Friday, also calling for Nato defence support and tougher sanctions against Russia.

Russian troops seized the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the north of Ukraine.

Ukraine decreed a full military mobilisation against the Russian invasion. Ukrainian men aged 18-60 are now forbidden to leave Ukraine. Zelenskiy has declared martial law.

The president said on Thursday night he would remain in Kyiv, despite saying he was Russia’s primary target. “We are not afraid. We are not afraid of anything,” he said.

The EU is preparing to freeze the assets of Putin and Russia’s foreign minister Sergei Lavrov as part of a third round of sanctions. Amid Ukrainian anger at the bloc’s reluctance to cut Russia out of the Swift international payments system, EU foreign ministers are set to approve more measures on Friday afternoon.

Thousands attempted to flee Kyiv, leading to large traffic queues. Pictures have emerged of Kyiv residents crowding into underground metro stations where they are taking shelter from further Russian attacks.

Anti-war protests attracted thousands of people in cities across Russia, with local authorities swiftly cracking down on the unsanctioned rallies. Police made at least 1,702 arrests in 53 Russian cities on Thursday night.