• Murder trial enters ninth day of testimony in Minneapolis
• Chauvin used excessive ‘pain compliance’ technique, court hears
• The protesters who gather every day to demand justice

3.49pm BST

Shortly after Tobin has taken the stand, he gives his opinion on Floyd’s cause-of-death: “Mr Floyd died from a low-level of oxygen and this caused damage to his brain...and it also caused a [pulseless electrical activity] arrhythmia that caused his heart to stop.”

“The cause of the low-level of oxygen was shallow breathing, small breaths...shallow breaths that weren’t able to carry the air through his lungs down to the essential areas [in] his lungs,” Tobin says in response to further questions, noting shortly thereafter: “There are a number of forces that led to the size of his breath became so small.”

3.27pm BST

The Chauvin trial testimony has resumed.

Prosecutors have called their first witness of the day: Dr Martin Tobin, an expert in critical care and pulmonology.

A small but determined group rise early to take their spot outside the Minneapolis courthouse – and they stay all day

Behind the Hennepin county courthouse in downtown Minneapolis, which is heavily fortified for the murder trial of Derek Chauvin, a small but determined core of seven protesters gathers every day.

Sometimes there are many more protesters, sometimes not so many. But always this group, there hoping to witness justice for George Floyd, who died under the knee of Chauvin in south Minneapolis last May.